![]() General George Marshall to broker an agreement, by 1946 the two sides were fighting an all-out civil war. The truce was tenuous, however, and, in spite of repeated efforts by U.S. Both agreed on the importance of democracy, a unified military, and equality for all Chinese political parties. In 1945, the leaders of the Nationalist and Communist parties, Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, met for a series of talks on the formation of a post-war government. The Soviet Union, meanwhile, occupied Manchuria and only pulled out when Chinese Communist forces were in place to claim that territory. forces flew tens of thousands of Nationalist Chinese troops into Japanese-controlled territory and allowed them to accept the Japanese surrender. ![]() support both as its former war ally and as the sole option for preventing Communist control of China. Though only nominally democratic, the Nationalist Government of Chiang Kai-shek continued to receive U.S. Japanese surrender set the stage for the resurgence of civil war in China. The CCP, for its part, experienced success in its early efforts at land reform and was lauded by peasants for its unflagging efforts to fight against the Japanese invaders. These undemocratic polices combined with wartime corruption made the Republic of China Government vulnerable to the Communist threat. officials in China reported a dictatorial suppression of dissent in Nationalist-controlled areas. ![]() The Nationalists expended needed resources on containing the Communists, rather than focusing entirely on Japan, while the Communists worked to strengthen their influence in rural society.ĭuring World War II, popular support for the Communists increased. As with the first effort at cooperation between the Nationalist government and the CCP, this Second United Front was short-lived. Frustrated by the focus of the Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek on internal threats instead of the Japanese assault, a group of generals abducted Chiang in 1937 and forced him to reconsider cooperation with the Communist army. This collaboration lasted until the "White Terror" of 1927, when the Nationalists turned on the Communists, killing them or purging them from the party.Īfter the Japanese invaded Manchuria in 1931, the Government of the Republic of China (ROC) faced the triple threat of Japanese invasion, Communist uprising, and warlord insurrections. Chinese Communists joined with the Nationalist Army in the Northern Expedition of 1926-27 to rid the nation of the warlords that prevented the formation of a strong central government. The Chinese Communist Party, founded in 1921 in Shanghai, originally existed as a study group working within the confines of the First United Front with the Nationalist Party. The "fall" of mainland China to communism in 1949 led the United States to suspend diplomatic ties with the PRC for decades. The creation of the PRC also completed the long process of governmental upheaval in China begun by the Chinese Revolution of 1911. ![]() The announcement ended the costly full-scale civil war between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang (KMT), which broke out immediately following World War II and had been preceded by on and off conflict between the two sides since the 1920's. On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People's Republic of China (PRC). ![]()
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